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"OF ICE AND STEEL poses a thought-provoking cataclysmic undersea contest across a vivid fabric of space and time!"
--Joe Buff, author of SEAS OF CRISIS and STRAITS OF POWER

OF ICE AND STEEL

In the waste of the Arctic ice, a deadly relic lies, frozen and forgotten. When a new Russian revolution brings man kind to the very brink of oblivion, the sleeping relic is loosed on an already frightened world. Ships begin to disappear. The super powers accuse one another, as all nations, draw their battle lines. A nuclear devise is stolen, to be delivered to the most wanted and murderous terrorist in history. It is a time when only a spark is required to ignite a nuclear exchange. One man has the answer. Three men and three submarines must overcome mistrust, and their own demons to explain the unexplainable and deliver the world from a global holocaust.

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[IMAGE] A great picture of my first submarine USS RAY SSN 653. We are moving at flank speed. That bow wave would come half way up the sail. Many time Dolphins would ride that wave just below the sail!

As you can see most of the boat is already submerged. We had to be careful here as a slight movement of the stern planes would cause to ships to perform a dynamic dive. Not good for those on the bridge.

Submerging a modern submarine is nothing like you see in the movies. No more "Crash Dives!" (sigh) To get safely under the ship is slowed to a 2/3 bell. A rig for dive is conducted and double checked. The ventilation system is placed in the "re-circulate mode. The Officer of the Deck requests permission from the Skipper to submerge the ship. Then he orders the diving officer to "Submerge the ship." Now the diving officer tells the Chief of the watch. "Chief of the Watch, on the 1MC DIVE DIVE, two blasts on the diving alarm, followed by DIVE DIVE. It is now the Chief of Watches turn. He uses the microphone and announces DIVE DIVE, then sounds the diving alarm, and the second blast of the diving alarm, he opens the forward and after vents.

Air rushes out and seawater enters the bottom of the ballast tanks and the ship begins to settle in the water. As the boat sinks slowly the stern planes and/ or bow planes help ease the ship down.

[IMAGE] Here she is! The star or maybe the villain of our story the Russian BARS Class SSN (NATO designation AKULA). What a ship! She is the successor to the aging fleet of VICTOR III class boats. This submarine is a true Hunter-Killer. The Russian Navy has 14 Bars class Project 971 class nuclear powered submarines. The submarines were built by the Amur Shipbuilding Plant Joint Stock Company at Komsomolsk-on-Amur and at the Severodvinsk shipbuilding yard. Seven Akula I submarines were commissioned between 1986 and 1992, and three Improved Akula between 1992 and 1995. Three Akula II submarines, with hull length extended by 4m and advanced machinery quietening technology, have been built. The first, Viper, was commissioned in 1995, the second, Nerpa, in December 2000 and the third, Gepard, in August 2001. The Akula II are 110 m long and displace up to 12,770 tons. They have a maximum speed of 35 knots submerged and a maximum diving depth of 600 m.

The submarine has eight torpedo launch tubes, four 650mm and four 533mm tubes. The Improved Akula and Akula II have ten, with six 533mm tubes. The four 650mm tubes can be fitted with liners to provide additional 533mm weapon launch capacity. The torpedo tubes can be used to launch mines instead of torpedoes. The Akula can launch a range of anti-submarine and anti-surface vessel torpedoes.An air defence capability is provided by a Strela SA-N-5/8 portable missile launcher with 18 missiles.

[IMAGE] Yet another cast member in OF ICE AND STEEL! The largest attack submarines ever built!The Oscar II is a double-hulled design, and is divided into ten major compartments. The reinforced rounded cover of the sail is intended to break through the ice of the Aortic ice cap. The two periscopes, radio-sextant and radar masts are located within the retractable devices area. The HF and UHF radio-masts, radio direction-finder masts and satellite communication and navigation masts are located on the air shaft to feed compressors. The submarine is fitted with a floating antenna buoy to receive radio messages, target designation data and satellite navigation signals at a great depth and under the ice. The bow horizontal hydroplanes are retracted into the hull. The main mechanisms have modular design and two-cascade shock-absorbing system. As with other Russian submarines, the Oscar features a double hull, comprising an inner pressure hull and an outer hydrodynamic hull. The 3.5m separation between the inner and outer hulls on the Oscar provides significant reserve buoyancy, and improved survivability against conventional torpedoes. These large submarines are said to be slow to dive and maneuver, though they are credited with a submerged speed of about 30 knots - sufficient to keep pace with their targets.

[IMAGE] The submarine is equipped with 24 SS-N-19 Granit (NATO codename "Shipwreck") cruise missiles with a range of 550km. The missile has a length of 10.5m and weighs 6.9t with a warhead weighing 1000kg. Its speed is Mach 1.5. Under the START treaty, nuclear warheads for these missiles have been replaced with high explosive warheads. The missiles, which are launched while the submarine is submerged, are fired from tubes fixed at an angle of approximately 40°. The tubes, arranged in two rows of twelve, are each covered by six hatches on each side of the sail, with each hatch covering a pair of tubes. The launchers are placed between the inner pressure hull and the outer hydrodynamic hull.The torpedo tubes fire both torpedoes and shorter range anti-ship missiles, and a combination of some two dozen weapons are carried including the SS-N-16 missile. The SS-N-16 has a range of 50km and is powered by a liquid fuel turbojet engine. It can carry either an explosive warhead or a Type 40 torpedo. Here is also a picture of a model I built of an OSCAR II.

[IMAGE] The real star of the novel! Here she is or at least a very nicely done model of her. The Type IXC was the German Navies ocean going submarines. Although the more numerous Type VII could operate across the Atlantic, Donitz needed a submarine that had longer range and the ability to carry additional torpedoes and provisions.

This class of U-boat is the same as the famous U-505. U-boats of this class caused havoc along the shores of the United States after America's entry into the war. They ranged into the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and even into the Indian and Pacific Oceans. U-boat sailors were given the options of serving on either a Type VII or Type IX. Although the larger Type IX offered more space and an extra toilet. This "luxury" came with a price, as the TYPE IX suffered from a slower diving time. Type VII's were able to crash dive much faster. The choice for crews was a toss of the dice.

As Allied air power began to take its toll on U-boats, the Type IXC was fitted with a number of new innovations. Her conning tower was modified into the TRUM IV configuration. This added additional anti-aircraft weapons. A basic radar was installed, although it was not very successful. The Germans understood that radar was often more of a threat than ASDIC (Sonar). TYPE IX carried equipment that could detect most radar signals and allow time for the boat to dive in time to prevent an attack. This class also carried what today we call counter-measures. Canisters could be ejected that upon contact with the seawater began to produce huge clouds of hydrogen gas bubbles. It was hoped this cloud of bubbles would confuse a searching sonar and allow the submarine to slip away. As the war progressed and the fortunes turned further in the Allied favor, the surface became a death trap. The solution was not to surface! Some Type IX boat were fitted with a snorkel mast. This hinged mast was raised and was used to supply the diesel engines with fresh air, while the U-boat remained at periscope depth. The head of the snorkel was coated with a special matting designed to absorb radar emissions.

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D. Clayton Meadows

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